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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe condition where a blood vessel within the brain ruptures, causing bleeding that destroys or compresses brain cells. The location of the bleeding significantly affects its cause, presenting symptoms, severity, and treatment plan. ICH is primarily classified into five types, ranging from Putaminal Hemorrhage, which is most frequent in Japan, to Pontine Hemorrhage, which has the highest fatality rate.

Cerebral hemorrhage (intracerebral hemorrhage) and cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke), often collectively referred to as "stroke," have fundamentally different mechanisms of onset, fatality rates, treatments, and keys to prevention. While cerebral infarction is overwhelmingly more common, occurring 2 to 3 times more frequently annually and showing significant treatment advancements, the threat of cerebral hemorrhage remains significant, with a high fatality rate of 30–50%.